Friday, May 14, 2010

Post # 1: I have become more knowledgeable about the World

I. Current Events / Global Issues

In terms of current events and global issues, examples of my study come from our more recent areas of study. For starters, I am aware of the war in Uganda, and how the Ugandan Government is recruiting former L.R.A. soldiers to track down the L.R.A. leader, Joseph Kony. I know this is an unstable situation, for the reliability of said soldiers is often called into question. Other situations I am now knowledgeable about include the many troubling sutaions in the Middle East, as shown in the documentaries we watched, including "Invisible Children". It is very troubling to see how so many now homeless children gather together at night, hidden out of fear. More troubling still is how little regard there is for them, both by their own people and those in other countries. On a larger scale, I am aware of such issues as the endless struggle over the Gaza Strip and the West Bank, and the atrocities that thake places therewith.

II. History of the Twentieth Century

This semester, my knowledge of the history of the Twentieth Century expanded greatly, and I will provide an overview of the specific areas we studied. First of all, there was the New Imperialism, involving the expansion of many European Empires into foriegn continents- areas such as Africa, India, or China, and the troubles that followed. Such troubles included the native's discontent with foreigners marhcing in and snatching up their lands, or the invading countries' arguments with each other concerning territories. Following this unit, we studied Japan and the story of the reformations in their government that led to the country's modernization. Under the Meiji, Japan finally became open to foreginers and began learning the ways of the west, to become more industrial and set up a stronger military. Finally, we studied the causes and effects of World War I. In a nutshell, the Great War was caused upon the death of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria. When Serbia would not submit to Austria's demands, Austria declared war on them, with Germany's support. Germany also ended up fighting Russia, France, Belgium and Britain, being allied with the Ottomans and Bulgaria. The U.S. entered the war upon the sinking of the Lusitania. This eventually led to an allied victory. However, there were many who were not satisfied with the terms of the Treaty of Verrsailles, which would lead to another World War...

III. Human Diversity

In this semester, I became more aware of what "race" really is. It is not a category that you can be placed into by others, it is how you understand your own categorization. Upon taking the "Sorting People Quiz", I realized that I, for one, am certainly in no position to categorize others.
I understand now that the only person we are fit to categorize is ourselves, for only we know who we truly are, and it is unfair to group people based solely upon how they look. With the great diversity of humans around the world, most ancestries are so complicated and weaving around that everyone should essentially fall into their won category!

IV. Places on the Earth

With our varying places of study this semester, I became more familiar with the geography of many places around the world. When we studied New Imperialism, I became more familiar with the creation of the borders of African countries. Of course, with Japan, I became more familiar with the four major islands that make it up: Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku and Kyushu. In studying World War I, I gained a greater understanding of European geography and how its borders have evolved- usually with lots of arguing. Lastly, I became even more familiar with the countries of the Middle East, and the great tensions concerning current border disputes in that troubled area.

V. Cultures of the World's Societies

Finally, alongside all this history and geography, I developed a deeper understanding of several cultures in the world. The deepest study we did was that of Japanese culture. We spent much time reviewing the concepts of Wa (Harmony) in the Japanese world, from topics of greetings to conforming to the group. Other such topics were timing and punctuality, and especially respect. Respect is shown in many ways, such as how one adresses others and bowing. Other areas of cultures were less direct, but significant nonetheless. For example, I saw many times how the rash descisions of leaders, based solely upon their own desires, leads to their destruction. This is not confined to any one society, but is a much-recurring theme throughout all of history, all around the world. Also, another common trait of cultures as a whole in history is the desire for power and to dominate, that is, to be leader of the pack. These traits are less desirable in society, but they are still defining characteristics of many figures in history.
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Post # 2: I understand how our knowledge of the past is constructed through analysis of primary sources of many kinds

My knowledge of the past has come from many different places, and a textbook can only go so far. One of the best sources for information is a primary source. A primary source is a sort of evidence created or produced during the time of study. A primary source can range from official documents to a soldier's diary to propaganda psoters and various artifacts. To be a primary source, the source must be original- not a quotation or a reflection on what it means. It must be the genuine letter, poem, poster, artifact or whatever else it may be. Primary sources tend to provide much more information than a textbook, because rather than a historian's perspective, these sources are a sort of window to the past, showing exactly what the writer was thinking. They can tell what the public was like at that time, through propaganda, or what sort of technologies there were, by the actual artifacts. Nowadays, the primary sources will be most likely found in places such as museums and historical locations.

A Library of Primary Sources Documenting the New Imperialism:

Propaganda:
This propaganda is a political cartoon representing Japan's attitude towards the various treaties and such presented to it in the age of the New Imperialism. From this image, it can be surmized that Japan's newfound military strength as a result of its modernization was being used as a means of rejecting any and all treaties and means of compromise it faced.


This image was retrieved from this source. This website is a reliable source, as it is the webpage for the New York State Education Department's Global History and Geography online research guide, which provides much information and many images concerning many events in history, and is aimed at assisting students in increasing their knowledge.

Artwork:
This artwork is a water color painting of a Boer War soldier, a 21st Lancer, and was painted by an S. O'Beirne in 1899. This painting shows clearly the equipment and ride of a Boer War 21st Lancer: they wore metal armor and helmets, carried spears and rifles, and rode horses. It also provides some insight as to the artist's view of the soldier. The soldier seems to be regarded as a hero, prepared to charge into battle, rather than as a villain or an enemy.

This image was retrieved from this source. This website is a reliable source because it is the webpage of Bristow & Garland Booksellers, a British company that sells authentic documents and paintings to any interested party. The images are not frauds, as they are described to be able to be returned within 7 days if not found as described: authentic.

Photograph:
This photograph shows some men during the time of the Boxer Rebellion, in summer of 1900, possibly in Peking, the capital of China at that time. From the photograph, it can be deduced that the men are prisoners, by the weights on thier feet or hands. They are most likely prisoners of the rebellious Boxers: the Society of the Righteous and Harmonious Fist, showing the suffering endured during this period of fighting, not just by soldiers, but by prisoners as well.

This image came from this reliable source. It is the website for BBC, the British Broadcasting Corporation, at a page discussing the history of ideas, in our time. The page is identified as providing factual information, and has many links to further research sources.

Artifact:
This artifact is, quite simply, a map of Africa, showing the land claims, and borders thereof, by Eurpoean empires in 1910. What can be learned from this artifact is exactly what it shows: the partitioning of Africa and its borders in 1910. It identifies through colored areas which countries had which territores, and deductions can be made from these, such as which country was most successful, possibly most powerful, and which countries were simply less powerful or were later to join the scramble for Africa.

This image was retrieved from this reliable source. This source is reliable because it is the website for the New World Encyclopedia, which is stated to organize knowledge for happiness, prosperity, and world peace, and states that "research begins here". The site presents a massive wealth of information cocnerning near all topics across history, provides sources for all information present, and conforms to such standards as being historically (and gramatically) accurate, and providing resources and bibliography for all articles.

Post # 3: I have learned that leaders in many nations of the world face complex problems that they feel cannot be solved without international action


All throughout the course of history, governments have faced.... problems! Such problems have been of all shapes and sizes, and there have been some that require international action and/or cooperation in order to be solved. The examples we studied in class often dealt with nations feuding over borders or getting caught up in wars, and it is here I will focus my examples.
Over the course of World War I, nations were forced to work together towards a common goal: their collective victory in the war (ie. the Allies). This required discussion and cooperation to some extent, but the real deal came after the war, when they were settling issues. When the war was ended, there was the need to settle disputes in order to prevent any future wars, which didn't work, by the way.... but in the time being, they were able to sit down, and discuss the matter and draw up and agree to the Treaty of Versailles (albiet unwillingly on Germany's part), as well as set up the League of Nations, a prime example of international cooperation. Another example lies in Japan. When they set out to modernize their country, they couldn't do it alone. They needed to contact and cooperate with western governments, in particular that of the United States, in order to stand a chance of reaching their goal.


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Post # 4: I have decided to investigate Environmental Issues

As it has been throughout all of history, the countries of the world face problems today. Some problems are easy to fix, but there are also very serious problems that require more serious action, sometimes involving enlisting the aid of other countries. One such problem is global environmental issues. Today there are many natural disasters and environmental concerns around the world, most of which cannot be resolved by one government alone. These disasters and related issues do not always affect one country, though. There is a major issue that could eventually end up affecting the entire world.

To begin, on January 12, 2010, the capital city of Haiti, Port-au-Prince, was stuck by a devestating earthquake that left the city in ruins and thousands trapped, injured, homeless, or dead. Without a doubt, the already poor country suffered a monumental loss that could not be resolved soon, for Haiti was unable to handle this problem alone. But help was not far behind. Within days, volunteers from all over the world were flocking to Haiti in order to help them in rescuing victims, providing resources and other much-needed aid. There were many large organizations, such as the Peace Corps, involved, but there were also many small groups collecting money for Haiti. One such group was my own school, where we have been raising money for Haiti for over 4 months and have narly reached $10,000! This is most definitely a case where international aid is present to a large degree.
Another disaster currently affecting northern Europe is the eruption of an Icelandic volcano, Eyjafjallajokull. In late March to early April of 2010, the volcano underwent several eruptions. These eruptions spewed enough partical-filled ash into the air that airplanes were grounded for days, across much of northern Europe. These eruptions are reported to also be responsible for flooding, ocean pollution and even electrical storms, and they have yet to officially cease. Unfortunately, the only major reports now are concerning how costly this situation is for airlines and how dangerous it is for humans, not if measures are yet being made to relieve it. this amy be due to how recent the situation is, or perhaps there are no evident solutions at the moment.

In addition, on April 20, 2010, the Deepwater Horizon oil platform exploded and sank in the Gulf of Mexico, releasing approximately 42,000 gallons of oil a day into the Gulf. This is becoming a major area of concerning for those involved in fishing and seafood industry in the gulf, and to all those living along the gulf coast. It is even specualted that the oil may spread from the Gulf up along the U.S. east coast. This spill is reported to be extremely costly, already totaling many millions of dollars, and that the coast continues to rise. However, in this case, organizations such as BP (British Petroleum), EPA (Environmental Protection Agency), the U.S. Coast Guard and the U.S. Military are planning methods of containment and clean up.
Lastly comes the situation that could end up affecting the entire world: Global Warming. This ongoing trend is referenced often in politics, but typically only as a means of directing a campaign somewhere or to point out: "This is bad." It is unfortunate that rarely are long term or practical plans heard of to actually resolve the issue; something on a larger scale of "use your car less", especially given the gravity of the situation. The excess of greenhosue gases in the atmosphere could theoretically cause a sort of climate clllapse disaster if left unhecked long enough, and NOAA reports that once the levels of Carbon Dioxide in the atmosphere ahve reached a certain extent, there will be no reversal. This is the environmental issue that really needs to be resolved, for it is responsible for many other environmental issues around the world. Yet despite this, no one seems ready to take responsibility for it. If there could come about a program where the governments of the world joined forces to create a plan to stop Global Warming, as well as other local environmental disasters, there would be a much greater chance for increased effect in assuring the elimination of these threats. After all, we all live on this planet together, and we need to begin acting like it!


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